
Why is it recommend HIV screening for all pregnant women?
HIV testing during pregnancy is important because antiviral therapy can
improve the mother’s health and greatly lower the chance that an HIV-
infected pregnant woman will pass HIV to her infant before, during, or
after birth. The treatment is most effective for babies when started as
early as possible during pregnancy. However, there are still great health
benefits to beginning treatment even during labor or shortly after the
baby is born.
CDC recommends HIV screening for all pregnant women because risk-
based testing (when the health care provider offers an HIV test based on
the provider’s assessment of the pregnant woman’s risk) misses many
women who are infected with HIV. CDC does recommend providing
information on HIV (either orally or by pamphlet) and, for women with risk
factors, referrals to prevention counseling.
HIV testing provides an opportunity for infected women to find out that
they are infected and to gain access to medical treatment that may help
improve their own health. It also allows them to make informed choices
that can prevent transmission to their infant. For some uninfected women
with risks for HIV, the prenatal care period could be an ideal opportunity
for HIV prevention and subsequent behavior change to reduce risk for
acquiring HIV infection.
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